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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

A structural model for fidelity in transcription

G L Eichhorn1, P P Chuknyisky, J J Butzow

  • 1Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 2, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Escherichia coli RNA polymerase uses metal ions to ensure accurate transcription. The enzyme adjusts its conformation to position correct nucleotides for RNA synthesis, preventing errors.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is crucial for gene transcription.
  • Accurate nucleotide selection is vital for maintaining genomic integrity.
  • Metal ions play a key role in the catalytic mechanism of RNA polymerase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the geometric parameters of metal ion binding sites in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  • To elucidate the role of enzyme conformation in nucleotide selection fidelity.
  • To understand how metal ions facilitate accurate transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of distances between metal ions and nucleotide substrates at the active site.
  • Comparison of geometric parameters for complementary and non-complementary nucleotide binding.
  • Structural analysis of enzyme conformations.

Main Results:

  • Distances between metal ions and substrate phosphates are constant, while distances to the base and ribose vary with complementarity.
  • Metal ion-substrate interactions differ significantly between correct and incorrect nucleotide incorporation.
  • Escherichia coli RNA polymerase adopts distinct conformations for correct and incorrect nucleotide binding.

Conclusions:

  • The enzyme's ability to adopt two conformations allows for precise positioning of correct substrates and exclusion of incorrect ones.
  • Metal ions, in conjunction with conformational changes, are central to ensuring high fidelity during transcription.
  • This mechanism prevents the incorporation of non-complementary nucleotides, safeguarding the integrity of RNA transcripts.