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Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy in mature Rottweiler dogs

K G Braund1, M Toivio-Kinnucan, J M Vallat

  • 1Neuromuscular Laboratory, Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, AL.

Veterinary Pathology
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

A progressive neurological condition in Rottweilers causes hind limb weakness and muscle loss. Histopathology suggests a dying-back sensorimotor polyneuropathy, similar to human hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Canine Pathology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • A specific polyneuropathy affects mature Rottweilers, presenting as progressive paraparesis to tetraparesis.
  • Clinical signs include spinal hyporeflexia, hypotonia, and appendicular muscle atrophy, with a gradually progressive or relapsing course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histopathologic features of a polyneuropathy in Rottweiler dogs.
  • To compare the observed neuropathology with human neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of nerve and muscle biopsies from eight affected Rottweilers (ages 1.5–4 years).
  • Histopathologic and morphometric analysis of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle.
  • Ultrastructural examination of nerve tissues.

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Main Results:

  • Significant neurogenic atrophy in skeletal muscles.
  • Peripheral nerves showed loss of myelinated fibers, axonal necrosis, and thin myelin sheaths.
  • Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy characterized by preferential loss of medium and large nerve fibers, with similarities to human HMSN type II.

Conclusions:

  • The Rottweiler polyneuropathy is a dying-back distal sensorimotor neuropathy.
  • Morphologic and morphometric findings suggest similarities to hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II in humans.
  • The exact cause of this canine polyneuropathy remains undetermined.