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Falls in the nursing home

L Z Rubenstein1, K R Josephson, A S Robbins

  • 1Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Sepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA 91343.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|September 15, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Nursing home falls are common, with gait issues and environmental hazards being key causes. Comprehensive assessments and multifactorial interventions are crucial for fall prevention in elderly residents.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Falls are a significant concern in nursing home settings, impacting resident safety and healthcare costs.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and causes of falls is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and causes of falls and fall-related injuries in nursing homes.
  • To provide clinicians with a framework for evaluating and treating at-risk residents.

Main Methods:

  • A review of large-scale published studies on the incidence, causes, risk factors, and prevention of falls in nursing homes.
  • Analysis of documented fall rates, precipitating causes, and underlying risk factors.

Main Results:

  • The average incidence of falls is 1.5 per bed per year.
  • Common causes include gait/balance disorders, weakness, dizziness, environmental hazards, confusion, and visual impairment.
  • Effective prevention strategies address multifactorial causes, improve resident strength and function, reduce hazards, and monitor high-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Focused history and physical exams can identify immediate causes and risk factors post-fall.
  • Regular evaluations help identify high-risk residents for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

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