Nitric oxide and the cardiovascular system

Nitric oxide is a simple diatomic molecule that functions as a cellular messenger in a number of organ systems, included among which is the cardiovascular system. Serving several physiologic roles in the cardiovascular system, nitric oxide is an important determinant of basal vascular tone, regulates myocardial contractility, and modulates platelet-vessel wall interactions. From the perspective of cardiovascular pathophysiology, nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, and the hypotension associated with shock states. This review will focus in detail on the chemistry, biology, and pathobiology of nitric oxide as it relates to cardiovascular function.