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Evolution from obesity to diabetes

A Golay1, J P Felber

  • 1Unité d'enseignement pour diabétique 3 HL, Hôpital Universitaire de Genève, Switzerland.

Diabete & Metabolisme
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Obesity may causally contribute to Type 2 diabetes by triggering compensatory metabolic changes that eventually fail. Chronic high lipid oxidation and obesity duration are key factors in this progression.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
  • The causal link between obesity and Type 2 diabetes warrants deeper investigation.
  • Understanding the metabolic evolution from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causal role of obesity in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
  • To elucidate the sequential metabolic changes from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes.
  • To identify key factors driving the progression from obesity to Type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metabolic adaptations in obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of compensatory mechanisms like hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.

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  • Examination of factors influencing glucose uptake, storage, and insulin secretion.

    • Main Results:

    • Obesity induces compensatory hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia to maintain glucose homeostasis.
    • Decreased glucose storage capacity and impaired glycogen synthase activity contribute to diabetes development.
    • Chronic high lipid oxidation and prolonged obesity duration are critical in progressing to Type 2 diabetes.
    • Pancreatic beta-cell decompensation leads to hypoinsulinemia and increased hepatic glucose production.

    Conclusions:

    • Obesity is not merely a risk factor but causally involved in Type 2 diabetes development.
    • A sequence of metabolic dysregulations, including insulin resistance and impaired glucose storage, characterizes this progression.
    • The duration of obesity and sustained high lipid oxidation are pivotal in the transition to diabetes.