Biting pattern and host-seeking behavior of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in northeastern South Africa

Biting rhythm as well as vertical and horizontal distribution of host-seeking Anopheles arabiensis Patton was studied at a remote warm-water spring in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, which usually is devoid of human presence. An. arabiensis seeking hosts were collected throughout the night with several peaks, often with greatest biting activity during the predawn period. Abundance did not decline linearly as a function of distance from the breeding area, but was related to vegetation patterns. Most bites occurred on the ankles or feet and decreased rapidly above that height. Wearing closed shoes or raising feet off the ground could reduce vector contact and therefore the risk of malaria infection.