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Shellfish hypersensitivity: clinical and immunological characteristics

R Castillo1, T Carrilo, C Blanco

  • 1Allergy Section, Hospital Universitario Ntra. Sra. del Pino, Las Palmas de G. C.

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
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Shellfish allergy is common, with shrimp and squid being frequent triggers. Skin prick tests are more effective than CAP for diagnosing shellfish hypersensitivity, revealing cross-reactivity between different shellfish types.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Food Science
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Shellfish are a leading cause of food allergies globally.
  • Understanding specific triggers and diagnostic methods is crucial for managing shellfish hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and triggers of shellfish allergy in a cohort of patients.
  • To compare the efficacy of skin prick tests versus specific IgE (CAP) tests in diagnosing shellfish allergy.
  • To explore clinical associations and allergen characteristics within different shellfish groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 48 patients with diagnosed shellfish hypersensitivity underwent clinical questionnaires and skin prick tests.
  • Allergens included various shellfish extracts (squid, shrimp, lobster, crab, mussel, clam, octopus, limpet), tested raw and boiled.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Total and specific IgE levels were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Shrimp (33 cases) and squid (24 cases) were the most common allergens.
    • Urticaria/angioedema (39 patients) was the most frequent symptom, followed by asthma and rhinitis.
    • Skin prick tests showed higher diagnostic yield than CAP tests for shellfish allergy.
    • Clinical associations were observed between Cephalopoda and Lamellibranchia, suggesting common epitopes.
    • Allergens from squid, octopus, and limpet demonstrated heat-stable properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Skin prick tests are recommended over CAP for diagnosing shellfish hypersensitivity.
    • Cross-reactivity exists within and between shellfish phyla, indicating shared allergenic epitopes.
    • Squid, octopus, and limpet contain significant heat-stable allergens, important for understanding allergenicity.