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Facial and dental changes in adulthood

S E Bishara1, J E Treder, J R Jakobsen

  • 1College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Adults experience significant dentofacial changes between ages 25 and 46, including increased crowding and altered facial dimensions. These maturational changes impact tooth size-arch length discrepancies and lip prominence.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentofacial Orthodontics
  • Human Growth and Development
  • Cephalometric Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding long-term dentofacial development is crucial for adult orthodontic treatment planning.
  • Untreated individuals provide a baseline for normal maturational changes.
  • Previous research often focuses on adolescent growth spurts, leaving adult changes less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dentofacial changes in an untreated sample from age 25 to 46.
  • To quantify skeletal and dental alterations over a 21-year period.
  • To identify normal maturational processes affecting facial structure and dental arch relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design utilizing cephalograms and dental casts.
  • Sample comprised 15 women and 15 men assessed at ages 25 and 46.

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  • Analysis of skeletal linear dimensions, cranial base angle, facial convexity, and dental arch crowding.

    • Main Results:

    • Both sexes showed increased skeletal facial linear dimensions and decreased cranial base angle.
    • Females experienced increased skeletal convexity and facial divergence; males showed increased maxillary prominence.
    • Significant mandibular arch crowding occurred in females, while both arches showed increased crowding in males.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinically significant increases in tooth size-arch length discrepancies occur between ages 25 and 46.
    • These changes represent a normal maturational process, not pathology.
    • Altered lip, nose, and chin positions lead to perceived lip retrusion, impacting orthodontic treatment considerations for adults.