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[The Ko phenotype and fetal-maternal allo-immunization]

A Fourmaintraux1, D Vitrac, J B Mariette

  • 1Unité de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Général de Saint-Pierre-le-Tampon.

Archives Francaises De Pediatrie
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

A rare blood group phenotype (Ko) in a mother led to Kell antibody immunization in her infant. Amniocentesis during pregnancy is suspected as the cause of this Kell immunization, resulting in hemolytic anemia in the newborn.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Rare Kell antigen-negative (Ko) phenotype is associated with Kell antibody development.
  • Kell immunization can occur after blood transfusions or exposure to Kell-positive fetal blood.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old woman with a history of abortions underwent amniocentesis during her eighth pregnancy.
  • Her infant developed hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and required exchange transfusions.
  • The mother was identified as Ko phenotype with high-titer anti-Kell (Ku) antibodies.

Findings:

  • The mother, phenotype Ko, developed anti-Kell (Ku) antibodies.
  • The infant, Kell-positive, exhibited signs of hemolytic anemia due to maternal antibodies.
  • Amniocentesis is implicated as a potential trigger for Kell immunization in this case.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights the risk of Kell immunization in Ko individuals undergoing invasive procedures like amniocentesis.
  • Early screening for rare blood groups and Kell antibodies is crucial in pregnancies with a history of abortions or transfusions.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the role of amniocentesis in Kell immunization.