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Serum hepatitis in two brood mares

N T Messer1, P J Johnson

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
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Two Quarter Horse mares developed liver disease after receiving tetanus antitoxin post-foaling. This suggests a potential link between tetanus antitoxin administration and equine serum hepatitis, even in atypical forms.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Equine serum hepatitis, also known as Theiler's disease, is a rare but serious liver condition in horses.
  • The disease is often associated with the administration of biological products, particularly antitoxins.
  • Identifying the exact cause of hepatic disease in horses can be challenging due to various potential hepatotoxic agents.

Observation:

  • Two adult Quarter Horse mares presented with clinical signs of hepatic disease approximately two months after parturition.
  • Both mares had received tetanus antitoxin around the time of foaling.
  • Clinical signs included subcutaneous edema, photodermatitis, icterus, and hepatic encephalopathy, alongside elevated liver-specific enzymes.

Findings:

  • One mare experienced acute hepatic failure and died, exhibiting signs consistent with classic serum hepatitis.

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  • The second mare presented with atypical, less severe signs suggestive of a milder form of serum hepatitis.
  • No evidence of common hepatotoxic agents such as poisonous plants, aflatoxins, or toxic chemicals was found on the farm.

    • Implications:

    • The findings suggest a potential association between tetanus antitoxin administration and the development of equine serum hepatitis.
    • This case highlights the possibility of atypical or less severe presentations of serum hepatitis in horses.
    • Further investigation into the pathogenesis of serum hepatitis following tetanus antitoxin use is warranted to improve equine patient safety.