Ultrasonic energy in phacoemulsification: mechanical cutting and cavitation

Ultrasound energy has two components. The first is mechanical cutting energy, which many believe is the sole energy in phacoemulsification. A second, less studied type of energy is produced by the sonic wave part of ultrasound, which produces cycles. These cycles can create little bubbles or cavities. Under the right circumstances and at a critical point (i.e., maximum cavity enlargement), they implode with tremendous negative energy and heat. This implosion creates a cavity in a process known as cavitation. This article discusses both types of energy and explores the advantages and disadvantages of cavitation.