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Abnormal immunological development in fetuses with trisomy 18

G Makrydimas1, N Plachouras, B Thilaganathan

  • 1Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital School of Medicine, London, U.K.

Prenatal Diagnosis
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Trisomy 18 fetuses show significantly lower T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell counts. This indicates abnormal fetal immune system development in trisomy 18 pregnancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) is a genetic disorder associated with significant health problems.
  • The impact of trisomy 18 on fetal immune system development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lymphocyte subpopulations in fetuses with trisomy 18.
  • To determine if trisomy 18 affects the development of T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in utero.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze fetal blood samples.
  • Samples were obtained via cordocentesis from eight trisomy 18 fetuses (20-36 weeks gestation) and compared to chromosomally normal controls.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower mean counts of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in trisomy 18 fetuses compared to controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively).

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  • No significant difference in B-cell counts was found between trisomy 18 and control fetuses.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates abnormal intrauterine development of the immune system in trisomy 18.
    • These findings highlight a potential link between genetic abnormalities and immune system deficits during fetal development.