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Cholera

P Shears1

  • 1Centre for Tropical Medical Microbiology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, U.K.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Cholera remains a major tropical epidemic disease. Vibrio cholerae

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, persists as a significant global epidemic disease, particularly in tropical regions.
  • The seventh cholera pandemic has expanded globally, leading to endemicity in new areas.
  • Understanding cholera epidemiology involves the interplay of Vibrio cholerae's characteristics and human behaviors in tropical settings.

Observation:

  • The traditional view of cholera as solely waterborne with humans as the primary reservoir is being challenged.
  • Vibrio cholerae has been found to survive, often in a dormant state, within aquatic environments.
  • A new serotype, Vibrio cholerae 0139, emerged, causing a disease clinically and epidemiologically similar to classic cholera.

Findings:

  • Vibrio cholerae's ability to persist in aquatic environments alters our understanding of cholera transmission dynamics.
  • The emergence of new serotypes like Vibrio cholerae 0139 adds complexity to cholera's epidemiological landscape.
  • Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae is revealing insights into the genetic variations driving epidemiological differences.

Implications:

  • Revised strategies are needed to control cholera, considering environmental reservoirs beyond human hosts.
  • Further research into Vibrio cholerae's environmental survival mechanisms is crucial for effective prevention.
  • Molecular epidemiology is vital for tracking and understanding the evolution of cholera outbreaks and developing targeted interventions.

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