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Pulmonary giant cells and traumatic asphyxia

P Betz1, G Beier, W Eisenmenger

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, University of Munich, Germany.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary polynuclear giant cells are not a reliable indicator of asphyxiation. Morphometrical analysis showed similar cell counts in asphyxiated individuals and controls, regardless of age or smoking status.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Histology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary polynuclear giant cells are multinucleated macrophages found in lung tissue.
  • Their presence has been suggested as a potential histological marker for asphyxiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic significance of pulmonary polynuclear giant cells in cases of asphyxiation.
  • To compare the incidence of these cells in asphyxiated individuals versus control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Morphometrical analysis of lung tissue from 13 cases of strangulation, 8 cases of traumatic asphyxia, and 10 controls.
  • Quantification of alveolar macrophages and polynuclear giant cells per microscopic field.
  • Statistical evaluation of cell counts, considering age and smoking status.

Main Results:

  • Significant individual variation in cell counts was observed across all groups.
  • A tendency towards higher cell numbers was noted in smokers and older individuals.
  • No statistically significant differences were found in polynuclear giant cell content between asphyxiated and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary polynuclear giant cells are present in similar quantities in both asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated individuals.
  • The detection of polynuclear giant cells cannot reliably indicate asphyxiation as a cause of death.

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