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Related Experiment Videos

Experimental toxoplasmosis in Japanese quail

J P Dubey1, M A Goodwin, M D Ruff

  • 1Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Japanese quail infected with Toxoplasma gondii developed severe protozoal diseases, including pneumonia and myocarditis. Survivors showed chronic inflammation and antibodies, indicating a persistent infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan parasite with a wide host range.
  • Avian species can serve as reservoirs or intermediate hosts for T. gondii.
  • Understanding T. gondii pathogenesis in quail is crucial for food safety and disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogenicity and immune response of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with different strains and doses of Toxoplasma gondii.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four 5-month-old Japanese quail were orally inoculated with varying doses (10^3 and 10^5 oocysts) of ME 49 and GT-1 strains of T. gondii.
  • Birds were monitored for mortality, and survivors were euthanized at 63 days post-inoculation (DAI).
  • T. gondii isolation, histopathological examination of tissues (brain, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, intestine), and serological tests (modified agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, latex agglutination, Sabin-Feldman dye test) were performed.

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Main Results:

  • High mortality rates were observed, particularly in birds inoculated with the GT-1 strain, with deaths occurring within 8-23 DAI.
  • Survivors (examined at 63 DAI) had T. gondii isolated from brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.
  • Histopathology revealed severe lesions including pneumonia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and myositis in affected birds. Survivors exhibited chronic inflammation and splenic changes.
  • Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in all survivors by 63 DAI, with the modified agglutination test showing higher titers.

Conclusions:

  • Japanese quail are susceptible to T. gondii infection, with significant morbidity and mortality depending on the strain and dose.
  • Experimental T. gondii infection can lead to severe systemic disease and chronic pathological changes in quail.
  • The modified agglutination test is a sensitive method for detecting T. gondii antibodies in quail.