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Related Experiment Videos

Effect of coniine on the developing chick embryo

C S Forsyth1, A A Frank, B J Watrous

  • 1Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.

Teratology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Coniine, a poison hemlock alkaloid, causes birth defects in chicks by blocking nicotinic receptors, leading to reduced fetal movement and arthrogryposis. This study validates the chick embryo as a model for studying coniine teratogenicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), is a known teratogen in livestock, causing arthrogryposis, likely via nicotinic receptor blockade.
  • Previous studies show limited teratogenic effects of coniine in rodents and rabbits, necessitating a more suitable model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the teratogenic effects of coniine and nicotine in the developing chick embryo.
  • To establish the chick embryo as a model for studying coniine-induced arthrogryposis.

Main Methods:

  • Developing chick embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of coniine and nicotine sulfate.
  • Deformations, lethality, histopathology, and fetal movement (via ultrasound) were assessed.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to determine significance.

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Main Results:

  • Both coniine and nicotine sulfate induced dose-dependent teratogenic effects and lethality.
  • The primary deformation observed was excessive toe flexion/extension; cranial hemorrhage occurred with nicotine sulfate.
  • A significant decrease in fetal movement was observed in both treated groups, with no movement in nicotine sulfate-treated chicks.

Conclusions:

  • The chick embryo is a reliable and simple model for studying coniine-induced arthrogryposis.
  • The findings support a mechanism of nicotinic receptor blockade leading to decreased fetal movement and subsequent teratogenesis.