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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple +Gz exposures cause brain edema in rats

A R Shahed1, J A Barber, P M Werchan

  • 1Operational Technologies Corporation, San Antonio, TX.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

High G-force exposure in pilots can cause G-LOC due to reduced blood flow. This study found that G-force exposure leads to brain edema in rats, likely from metabolic changes and lactate accumulation during ischemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • High sustained +Gz (head-to-foot inertial load) exposure in high-performance aircraft pilots can lead to +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC).
  • +Gz-induced loss of consciousness is believed to result from critical reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  • Previous research demonstrated that +Gz exposure causes global cerebral ischemia in a rodent model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for edema formation following +Gz exposure in a rodent model.
  • To analyze changes in brain metabolites and cerebral blood volume (CBV) after +Gz exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to six instances of either +25 Gz (30 s) or +10 Gz (2 min) on a small animal centrifuge.
  • G-LOC was monitored via electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Brains were analyzed for edema, metabolites (glucose, lactate), and CBV from 15 minutes to 24 hours post-exposure.

Main Results:

  • G-LOC occurred at 101 +/- 46 s for +10 Gz and 19.2 +/- 5 s for +25 Gz exposures.
  • Significant decrease in glucose and increase in lactate were observed during +Gz exposure.
  • Edema formation was evident 15 minutes after exposures and resolved within 24 hours; a slight decrease in CBV was noted with +10 Gz exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple G-force exposures, regardless of duration or intensity (if resulting in G-LOC), can induce cytotoxic brain edema.
  • This edema is likely caused by tissue hyperosmolality resulting from metabolic alterations and lactate accumulation during ischemic periods.
  • Findings suggest a potential mechanism for neurological injury following G-LOC events in aviators.

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