L-fucose is accumulated via a specific transport system in eukaryotic cells

L-Fucose is a monosaccharide normally present at low concentrations in serum and is the only levorotatory sugar utilized by mammalian systems. The metabolism of L-fucose is only partially understood. In this report, we characterize the uptake of L-fucose by four widely varying mammalian cell lines (murine neuroblastoma, bovine aortic endothelial, murine cerebral microvessel endothelial, and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells). Based on the criteria of saturability and specificity of L-fucose uptake, we conclude that L-fucose is accumulated via a specific recognition mechanism. Accumulation of L-fucose at 4 degrees C and in the presence of colchicine and cytochalasin D rules out receptor-mediated endocytosis as an uptake mechanism. Thus, the accumulation appears to be via a carrier system. Using a variety of criteria, we determined that L-fucose is not taken up by a glucose transporter system. Accumulation of L-[5,6-3H]fucose is Na(+)-independent and reduced by loading cells with L-fucose or depleting the cell of its phosphorylation capability, suggesting that the uptake of L-fucose is by passive facilitative diffusion. A significant amount of the L-fucose taken up by each of the four cell types was incorporated into protein and secreted into the medium.