Primary and higher order structures of nematode (Ascaris suum) mitochondrial tRNAs lacking either the T or D stem

By fractionation using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and/or a preparative hybrid selection method employing solid-phase DNA probes, we prepared and characterized mitochondrial tRNAs from the body wall muscle of Ascaris suum, all of which are thought to lack either the T stem or the D stem from their gene sequences (Okimoto, R., and Wolstenholme, D. R. (1990) EMBO J. 10, 3405-3411). Some of the partially purified tRNAs were appreciably aminoacylated with an extract of A. suum mitochondria. The three species sequenced had CCA sequence at their 3'-ends, and tRNA(Met) had 5-formylcytidine at the anticodon first position, a new modified nucleoside found at the same position of bovine mitochondrial tRNA(Met) (Moriya, J., Yokogawa, T., Wakita, K., Ueda, T., Nishikawa, K., Crain, P. F., Hashizume, T., Pomerantz, S. C., McCloskey, J. A., Kawai, G., Hayashi, N., Yokoyama, S., and Watanabe, K. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 2234-2239). Enzymatic probing of these tRNAs supported the secondary structural model proposed by Okimoto and Wolstenholme in the reference cited above. Chemical probing of tRNA(Phe) demonstrated the existence of tertiary interactions between the (T arm-variable loop)-replacement loop and the D arm. The results suggest that these tertiary interactions enable the bizarre tRNAs of nematode mitochondria to maintain an L-shape-like structure in order to function in the nematode mitochondrial translation system.