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Endemic goiter in Calabria: etiopathogenesis and thyroid function

S Andò1, M Maggiolini, A Di Carlo

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

A study in Calabria found 50% of schoolchildren had goiter due to iodine deficiency. Voluntary iodine prophylaxis reduced goiter prevalence, highlighting the need for public health programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Endemic goiter is a significant public health concern in iodine-deficient regions.
  • The Calabria region in Italy has historically faced challenges with iodine deficiency disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of goiter and iodine status among schoolchildren in Calabria.
  • To evaluate the impact of voluntary iodine prophylaxis on goiter rates and iodine excretion.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 7231 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years across 34 villages.
  • Measurement of goiter prevalence through physical examination.
  • Assessment of iodine intake via urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels.
  • Monitoring of thyroid hormone levels (TT3, FT3, TSH) in selected areas.

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Main Results:

  • A high goiter prevalence of approximately 50% was observed in the studied population.
  • Mild iodine deficiency was indicated by low urinary iodine excretion (<100 µg/g creatinine).
  • Two years of voluntary iodine prophylaxis led to increased UIE and reduced goiter prevalence in participating villages.
  • A slight increase in TT3, FT3, and TSH was noted in an endemic area compared to a control area.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate iodine deficiency is a likely cause of high endemic goiter prevalence in the Calabria region.
  • Iodine prophylaxis programs are effective in improving iodine status and reducing goiter.
  • Sustained public health initiatives for iodoprophylaxis are crucial for this region.