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Liposomal amphotericin B, AmBisome

R J Hay1

  • 1United Medical School, Guys Hospital, London, U.K.

The Journal of Infection
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

AmBisome, a liposomal amphotericin B formulation, effectively treats various fungal infections like candidosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis with minimal toxicity. It shows promise in preventing infections in bone marrow transplant recipients and treating leishmaniasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • AmBisome is a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B.
  • Early studies demonstrated efficacy in candidosis and aspergillosis with good tolerability.
  • Adverse events were infrequent, primarily hypokalemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the extended efficacy and safety of AmBisome in treating various fungal infections.
  • To assess AmBisome's role in invasive aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and other mycoses.
  • To explore AmBisome's utility in prophylaxis and treating visceral leishmaniasis.

Main Methods:

  • Open-label studies were conducted to assess AmBisome's efficacy and safety.
  • Doses up to 5 mg/kg were evaluated in initial studies.

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  • Subsequent studies included patients with invasive aspergillosis, AIDS-related cryptococcosis, and bone marrow transplant recipients.

    • Main Results:

    • Remission achieved in 77% of invasive aspergillosis patients refractory to conventional amphotericin B.
    • 67% mycological remission in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis treated with AmBisome.
    • Reduced fungal colonization rates in bone marrow transplant recipients; fewer systemic fungal infections observed.
    • Lack of renal/liver toxicity, anemia, and rare febrile reactions confirmed.
    • Effective treatment in children, including infants, and in visceral leishmaniasis patients.

    Conclusions:

    • AmBisome is a safe and effective treatment for a range of systemic fungal infections, including in immunocompromised patients.
    • It offers a favorable toxicity profile compared to conventional amphotericin B.
    • AmBisome demonstrates efficacy in prophylaxis and treating visceral leishmaniasis, expanding its therapeutic applications.