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Cross-species antiviral and antiproliferative activity of human interferon-omega
M Kubes1, N Fuchsberger, P Kontsek
1Institute of Virology, Slovak Acadmey of Sciences, Bratislava.
Abstract:
The antiviral and antiproliferative activities of human interferon-omega (IFN-omega) on two human cell lines and on VERO (monkey), MDBK (calf), SPEV (pig), L929 (mouse), BHK-21 (hamster), and MDCK (dog) cell lines were compared with those of human IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2. The results are tabulated. Compared with its antiviral titer on human A549 cells, INF-omega was more active on mouse cells and even more active on the pig cells, but had little activity on the hamster cells and virtually none on the dog cells. IFN-omega also inhibited the growth of all these cells to a greater or lesser extent, and there was in general an apparent correlation between its antiviral and antiproliferative activities on the different cells, except that the dog cells were relatively much more sensitive to the antiproliferative effect.
Insights
Human interferon-omega (IFN-omega) shows varied antiviral and antiproliferative effects across different animal cell lines. Its activity correlates with cell type, with notable differences compared to IFN-alpha.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Interferons (IFNs) are crucial cytokines in the innate immune response.
- Human interferon-omega (IFN-omega) is a type I interferon with known antiviral properties.
- Comparative studies of different interferon subtypes across various cell lines are essential for understanding their specific activities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of human IFN-omega against human interferon-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2.
- To evaluate the efficacy of IFN-omega on a panel of diverse animal cell lines, including primate, calf, pig, mouse, hamster, and dog cells.
- To investigate the correlation between antiviral and antiproliferative effects of IFN-omega across these cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of antiviral and antiproliferative activities.
- Testing on multiple human and animal cell lines: VERO (monkey), MDBK (calf), SPEV (pig), L929 (mouse), BHK-21 (hamster), and MDCK (dog).
- Quantification of interferon activity and cell growth inhibition.
Main Results:
- IFN-omega exhibited differential antiviral activity across cell lines, being more potent on mouse and pig cells compared to human A549 cells.
- Activity was significantly lower on hamster and dog cells.
- IFN-omega demonstrated antiproliferative effects on all tested cell lines, generally correlating with antiviral activity, with dog cells showing higher sensitivity to growth inhibition.
Conclusions:
- Human IFN-omega possesses a distinct spectrum of antiviral and antiproliferative activities compared to IFN-alpha subtypes.
- Species-specific differences in cellular response to IFN-omega are significant.
- The findings highlight the potential for differential therapeutic applications of IFN-omega based on its varying efficacy across cell types.