Identification of marine organism extracts active at the EGF binding site of human A431 cells

Using a high throughput radioligand binding assay, we assessed aqueous ethanol extracts from 2885 marine organisms representing 17 phyla from the Indo-Pacific for their capacity to influence [125I]epidermal growth factor binding to human A431 cells in culture. Initial screening employed extracts pooled from five unrelated organisms to cells incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 min. Positive leads from the low stringency screening were pursued using extracts from individual organisms. Extracts from 57 organisms significantly inhibited radioligand binding, five organisms caused the cells to detach from the substrate, while extracts from two organisms brought about an increase in bound radiolabel. To discriminate between the mechanisms of action of the extracts, active organisms were also tested for their capacity to affect radioligand binding in the cells when incubated at 4 degrees C. Those organisms acting only at 37 degrees C were considered to have a cellular site of action, while those also active at the low temperature were considered to exert their effects more directly on the receptor binding event. The acute biochemical activity elicited by the positive organisms was distributed widely between taxa and between geographic regions. The approach provides a sensitive, high volume assay for detecting bioactive substances within marine organisms.