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Alkaline phosphatase band-10 fraction as a possible surrogate marker for human immunodeficiency virus type 1
V V Murthy1, T A Calvelli, A Rubinstein
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Insights
Alkaline phosphatase band 10 (ALP band-10) in serum effectively predicts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants. This early HIV-1 detection marker aids in identifying infected children born to HIV-1-positive mothers.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants is crucial for timely intervention.
- Current diagnostic methods may have limitations in early detection, especially before maternal antibody clearance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of serum alkaline phosphatase band 10 (ALP band-10) activity as a predictive marker for HIV-1 infection in children.
- To assess the correlation of ALP band-10 with confirmed HIV-1 infection status in infants born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples from infants born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers were analyzed for ALP band-10 activity.
- HIV-1 infection status was determined through HIV-1 culture, p24 antigen testing, and maternal antibody clearance confirmation.
- ALP band-10 activity was correlated with established HIV-1 infection markers.
Main Results:
- Serum ALP band-10 activity consistently correlated with confirmed HIV-1 infection status.
- ALP band-10 correctly identified HIV-1 infection in 31 samples from 18 pediatric patients.
- No ALP band-10 activity was detected in 14 control samples from uninfected infants.
Conclusions:
- Serum ALP band-10 activity serves as a reliable surrogate marker for early HIV-1 infection detection in infants.
- This marker can facilitate early identification of HIV-1 in infants born to seropositive mothers, even before maternal antibody clearance.
- The utility of ALP band-10 in children as young as two months highlights its potential for timely pediatric HIV-1 management.
Abstract:
We report the utility of a possible lymphocyte fraction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP band-10) activity in serum to predict human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers. The presence of ALP band 10 in serum consistently correlated with HIV-1 infection status as judged by positive HIV-1 culture, two consecutive HIV-1 p24 antigen results greater than 30 pg/mL in serum, and the subsequent confirmation of seroconversion to HIV-1 antibody after clearance of maternal IgG anti-HIV-1 antibody ascertained between 15 to 24 months post partum. Infection with HIV-1 was correctly identified in 31 samples from 18 patients ranging in age between 0.1 to 10 years; the absence of similar infection was noted in 14 samples from nine patients who served as controls and whose serum samples did not exhibit ALP band-10 activity. This ability of serum ALP band-10 activity to predict HIV-1 infection status in children as young as 2 months may be useful as a surrogate marker for early identification of HIV-1 infection in infants born to HIV-1-seropositive women long before the clearance of maternal anti-HIV-1 antibodies can be ascertained.
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