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Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 20, 2018
Head and neck oncology research
1Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
Abstract:
Head and neck cancer is occurring in younger patients in certain areas of the world. The factors that contribute to this process remain poorly defined, emphasizing the need for continued investigations into head and neck carcinogenesis. One potential determinant of disease development may relate to the significance of the host's intrinsic capacity to detoxify carcinogens, ie, through the phase II enzyme family, glutathione-S-transferases. Those patients with deficient GST activity may be at greatest risk. Additionally, genetic studies have suggested that certain chromosomes may be more susceptible to tobacco-induced damage. Chromosome 3p has now been identified as frequently altered both within head and neck cancers as well as within tobacco-induced malignancies. Over the past year numerous reports have addressed potential biologic determinants of not only cancer development, but also its continued progression. These factors may include altered growth factors and their receptors, changes in cellular intermediate filaments such as increased cytokeratin 19, and the production of matrix metalloproteinases. Finally, investigations continue to provide new insight into mechanisms by which abnormal gene expression may govern response to therapy. Our growing understanding of the complexity of head and neck cancer biology reinforces the need for preventive strategies, including the role of both nutritional and behavioral interventions.
Insights
Head and neck cancer is increasingly affecting younger individuals globally. Research highlights genetic susceptibility, detoxification enzyme activity (glutathione-S-transferases), and molecular changes as key factors in head and neck carcinogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Carcinogenesis
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Head and neck cancer incidence is rising in younger populations worldwide.
- The precise factors driving head and neck carcinogenesis are not fully understood.
- Host detoxification capacity and genetic predispositions are potential contributors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the biological determinants of head and neck cancer development and progression.
- To investigate the role of glutathione-S-transferases (GST) in carcinogen detoxification.
- To identify genetic alterations and molecular changes associated with head and neck malignancies.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on head and neck cancer biology.
- Analysis of studies on genetic susceptibility, specifically chromosome 3p alterations.
- Examination of research on cellular factors like growth factors, cytokeratin 19, and matrix metalloproteinases.
Main Results:
- Deficient glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity may increase cancer risk.
- Chromosome 3p alterations are frequently observed in head and neck cancers and tobacco-related malignancies.
- Altered growth factors, cytokeratin 19, and matrix metalloproteinases are implicated in cancer progression.
Conclusions:
- Understanding head and neck cancer complexity requires investigating host detoxification, genetic factors, and molecular pathways.
- Abnormal gene expression influences therapeutic response.
- Preventive strategies, including nutritional and behavioral interventions, are crucial.
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