The clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of HIV encephalopathy, myelopathy, and peripheral neuropathy

Human immunodeficiency virus infection commonly affects the nervous system, with the most important features being a dementing illness, a myelopathy, and a neuropathy. In the past year, important advances have been made in the epidemiology and treatment of these conditions. Moreover, a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms has emerged, with particular emphasis being placed upon gp120, tumor necrosis factor, and quinolinic acid and other partly characterized neurotoxins. This review highlights these advances in the context of the clinical syndromes.