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Space sickness and fluid shifts: a hypothesis

K E Simanonok1, J B Charles

  • 1Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Nine preflight factors predict space sickness in astronauts. Fluid shifts may cause space sickness by altering cardiovascular responses and lowering the threshold for vestibular stimulation.

Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Human Physiology
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • Space sickness affects astronauts, with symptoms potentially linked to fluid shifts and cardiovascular status.
  • Previous research identified nine preflight variables associated with space sickness incidence in Space Shuttle crew members.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize discriminant analysis to classify astronauts based on space sickness incidence using nine preflight variables.
  • To investigate the fluid shift hypothesis of space sickness etiology by examining cardiovascular adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Discriminant analysis applied to nine preflight variables (serum uric acid, red cell count, launch site temperature, serum phosphate, urine osmolality, serum thyroxine, sitting systolic blood pressure, blood volume, serum chloride) for 64 astronauts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Two methods of pseudo-crossvalidation used for classification accuracy.
  • Echocardiography compared preflight and postflight heart volumes in 19 astronauts to assess fluid shift adaptations.

    • Main Results:

    • The nine preflight variables correctly classified astronauts' space sickness incidence (NOTSICK or SICK) with 80% success.
    • Postflight left ventricular diastolic volume index decreased significantly more (34% vs. 9%) in astronauts with moderate/severe space sickness compared to those with none/mild symptoms.
    • Findings support the fluid shift hypothesis, suggesting exaggerated physiological responses to fluid shifts are linked to space sickness.

    Conclusions:

    • Preflight physiological and environmental factors can predict space sickness susceptibility in astronauts.
    • An exaggerated adaptation to fluid shifts in weightlessness, indicated by reduced ventricular volume, is associated with increased space sickness severity.
    • Understanding these factors may inform strategies to mitigate space sickness in future space missions.