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Indentation cracking of composite matrix materials

G Baran1, W Shin, A Abbas

  • 1Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.

Journal of Dental Research
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Composite dental fillings wear through cyclic indentation. Larger indenters caused cracks, revealing an elastoplastic response, challenging the assumption of brittle behavior in these polymers.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Composite restorative materials are susceptible to fatigue wear in the occlusal contact area due to cyclic indentation by tooth cusps and food debris.
  • Accurate modeling of this wear phenomenon necessitates a thorough understanding of the material's response to indentation, specifically the role of indenter size and geometry.
  • A key question is whether the polymers used in restorative composites should be modeled as elastic and brittle, or as plastic and ductile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of indenter size and geometry on the indentation response of polymer resins used in dental composites.
  • To determine whether these polymers exhibit elastic/brittle or plastic/ductile behavior under indentation.
  • To assess the impact of degree of cure, liquid sorption, and filler content on the indentation response and crack initiation.

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Main Methods:

  • Three experimental resins, used as matrices in proprietary restorative composites, were prepared with varying degrees of cure.
  • Samples were subjected to liquid sorption by soaking in a 50/50 water/ethanol solution, and 3 vol% silica was added to some samples.
  • Indentation experiments were conducted using Vickers pyramid and spherical indenters of various sizes (up to 0.254 mm diameter) to measure critical loads and observe crack morphology.

Main Results:

  • No cracking was observed with indenters smaller than or equal to 0.254 mm in diameter.
  • Larger spherical indenters induced subsurface median and surface radial/ring cracks, with critical loads measured for subsurface crack initiation.
  • Indentation with larger spherical indenters demonstrated an elastoplastic response; degree of cure and glass transition temperature (Tg) had less impact on critical load than liquid sorption.

Conclusions:

  • The indentation behavior of composite matrix polymers is dependent on indenter size and geometry, with larger indenters promoting an elastoplastic response.
  • Liquid sorption significantly influences the critical load for crack initiation, more so than the degree of cure or Tg.
  • The assumption of brittle elastic behavior for composite matrix materials may be inaccurate; an elastoplastic model is more appropriate for understanding their response to cyclic indentation.