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Efficacy of insulin eyedrops
D J Pillion1, J A Atchison, J Stott
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology
|January 1, 1994
Summary
Certain emulsants significantly enhance systemic insulin absorption from eyedrops in rats. This breakthrough offers a promising new method for delivering insulin, potentially improving blood glucose control.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Systemic absorption of insulin via ocular delivery (eyedrops) is challenging.
- Previous formulations lacked effective methods for insulin penetration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of emulsifying agents in enhancing systemic insulin absorption from eyedrops.
- To evaluate the impact of these agents on blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats.
Main Methods:
- Rats were induced with transient hyperglycemia using xylazine/ketamine anesthesia.
- Insulin (2 mg/ml) was administered via eyedrops with saline or various emulsifying agents.
- Systemic insulin levels and blood D-glucose levels were measured.
Main Results:
- Insulin in saline eyedrops showed minimal systemic absorption.
- Emulsifying agents like Saponin, Brij-78, BL-9, and alkylglycosides significantly increased insulin absorption.
- Concomitant decrease in blood D-glucose levels was observed with effective emulsants.
- Some non-ionic surfactants failed to enhance insulin absorption.
Conclusions:
- Certain emulsants dramatically accelerate systemic insulin absorption when delivered via eyedrops.
- Physiologically relevant insulin levels can be achieved through this enhanced ocular delivery method.
- This approach holds potential for novel insulin delivery strategies.