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Extended evaluation of the titanium Greenfield vena caval filter
L J Greenfield1, M C Proctor, K J Cho
1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Journal of Vascular Surgery
|September 1, 1994
Summary
The titanium Greenfield filter is a safe and effective option for preventing pulmonary embolism, showing results comparable to the standard filter with a low recurrence rate and high vena cava patency.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Interventional Radiology
Background:
- Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
- Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent PE in high-risk patients.
- The titanium Greenfield filter (TGFS) is a modified device for IVC filtration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of the TGFS for PE prevention.
- To compare TGFS performance against the standard stainless steel Greenfield filter.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 173 patients undergoing TGFS implantation.
- Utilized clinical exams, radiography, duplex ultrasound, CT scans, pulmonary angiograms, and venacavograms for evaluation.
- Follow-up included early (<6 months) and long-term (>12 months) assessments.
Main Results:
- Filter limb asymmetry occurred in 10% of cases, with no clinical significance.
- Recurrent pulmonary embolism occurred in 3.5% of patients (4/113), with one death (0.9%).
- Inferior vena cava patency was high at 99%, with only one case of occlusion at long-term follow-up.
Conclusions:
- The TGFS demonstrates comparable protection to the standard Greenfield filter after one year.
- The device is associated with a low incidence of recurrent PE and a high rate of IVC patency.
- The TGFS is a safe and effective option for long-term PE prevention.