An unusual presentation of multiple sclerosis

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroimmunology
• Demyelinating Diseases

Background:

• Dementia is typically characterized by cognitive decline and may present with various neurological symptoms.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, often presenting with diverse neurological deficits.

Observation:

• Two male patients presented with cognitive impairment resembling dementia.
• These patients lacked other typical symptoms or signs commonly associated with neurological disorders.

Findings:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed changes characteristic of demyelination.
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and electrophysiological tests supported the diagnosis of central nervous system inflammation.
• The combined clinical and investigative findings strongly indicated multiple sclerosis.

Implications:

• This case series suggests that multiple sclerosis can manifest as a primary dementia syndrome.
• Early recognition of this rare presentation is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of MS.
• Further research is warranted to understand the specific mechanisms underlying dementia in MS.