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[The evolution theory in the medical sciences in Chile]

R Cruz-Coke1

  • 1Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile (Campus Norte), Hospital J J Aguirre, Santiago.

Revista Medica De Chile
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary biology concepts reached Chile in the late 19th century, with Darwin's theories discussed by physicians and academics. Later, medical genetics integrated these ideas into practice.

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Area of Science:

  • * History of science in Chile
  • * Evolution and Darwinism
  • * Medical genetics

Context:

  • * European evolutionist ideas, including Lamarckism and Darwinism, were introduced to Chile via published works in the late 19th century.
  • * Prominent European physicians like Rodulfo A. Phillippi and Juan José Brunner were early adopters, discussing Darwin's theories at the University of Chile.
  • * Chilean physicians Adolfo Valderrama and Pedro Candia Salgado engaged with evolutionary theory, publishing their discussions in the Revista Médica de Chile.

Purpose:

  • * To trace the historical introduction and academic dissemination of evolutionary theory in Chile.
  • * To identify key figures and institutions involved in the early adoption and teaching of evolution.
  • * To document the transition from general biology to applied medical genetics.

Summary:

  • * Darwin's ideas arrived in Chile by 1869, with immigrant physicians and Chilean doctors debating evolutionary concepts in academic and medical publications.
  • * Juan Noé Crevani pioneered the direct teaching of evolution at the University of Chile from 1912 to 1947, establishing a significant biological school.
  • * Disciples of Professor Noé introduced Mendelian theory and neodarwinism in the 1950s, leading to the development of medical genetics and the Chilean Genetics Society.

Impact:

  • * The study highlights the foundational role of early 20th-century biological education in shaping scientific thought in Chile.
  • * It demonstrates the gradual integration of evolutionary principles into medical practice through the emergence of medical genetics.
  • * The establishment of the Chilean Genetics Society in 1964, led by distinguished professors, marked a significant advancement in the field.

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