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Related Experiment Videos

Mechanism for the decrease in the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Cd-resistant Chinese hamster V79 cells

N Tsuchiya1, T Ochi

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Archives of Toxicology
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Cadmium-resistant cells accumulate less cadmium than sensitive cells due to altered plasma membrane protein binding. This difference in cadmium-binding proteins explains reduced cellular cadmium uptake in resistant cells.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with significant health implications.
  • Understanding cellular mechanisms of cadmium resistance is crucial for mitigating its toxic effects.
  • Chinese hamster V79 cells provide a model system to study heavy metal resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism underlying reduced cadmium accumulation in cadmium-resistant (Cdr) V79 cells compared to cadmium-sensitive (Cds) V79 cells.
  • To identify differences in cadmium uptake kinetics and plasma membrane protein interactions between Cdr and Cds cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of cadmium uptake rates and kinetics in Cdr and Cds cells.
  • Investigation of cadmium uptake dependence on pH and inhibition by sulfhydryl blockers (mersalyl acid).

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  • Utilized a Cd-blotting technique to identify and compare cadmium-binding proteins (Cd-BPs) in the plasma membranes of Cdr and Cds cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Cdr cells exhibited significantly lower cadmium uptake rates (15% of Cds cells) with altered kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km).
    • Cadmium uptake in Cds cells was inhibited by mersalyl acid and showed pH dependence, suggesting the involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the plasma membrane, while Cdr cells were resistant to these effects.
    • Cd-blotting revealed a decreased 110-kDa Cd-BP in Cdr cells and the presence of an 82-kDa Cd-BP exclusively in Cdr cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The reduced accumulation of cadmium in Cdr cells is primarily due to decreased uptake, not increased efflux.
    • Plasma membrane sulfhydryl groups and specific cadmium-binding proteins play a significant role in differential cadmium accumulation between sensitive and resistant cells.
    • Alterations in cadmium-binding proteins, specifically the reduction of a 110-kDa protein and the appearance of an 82-kDa protein, are key determinants of cadmium resistance in V79 cells.