Utility of newer techniques for classification and identification of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria

Results of genetic and biochemical analyses have broadened our understanding of taxonomic relationships among groups of anaerobic bacteria and have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infection. Conventional bacteriologic methods are still of prime importance for the detection and identification of anaerobic pathogens. The use of nucleic acid probes has so far been restricted to research laboratories. A polymerase chain reaction-generated probe would be most useful for the rapid detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in feces. Probes are needed for detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria in dental plaque. Use of nucleic acid probes may become a useful adjunct to classic methodology in reference and teaching laboratories.