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Longitudinal estimates of pulmonary function decline in grain workers

P Pahwa1, A Senthilselvan, H H McDuffie

  • 1Centre for Agricultural Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Lung function declines with age in male grain elevator workers, with current smokers and those with longer industry exposure experiencing greater annual losses in FEV1 and FVC. This highlights occupational risks in the grain industry.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Grain elevator workers face potential respiratory health risks due to occupational exposures.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding the progression of lung function decline in specific worker populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze longitudinal changes in pulmonary function test values among male grain elevator workers in Canada.
  • To identify predictors of lung function decline, including smoking status and years of industry exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort analysis of 3,196 male grain elevator workers over a 6-year period (1978-1987) with three observation cycles.
  • Autoregression analysis was used to model changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC).

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Main Results:

  • Mean annual FEV1 (FVC) losses were higher in current smokers (41.7 ml / 32.3 ml) compared to non-smokers (28.7 ml / 26.4 ml) and ex-smokers (38.4 ml / 41.9 ml).
  • Workers with 20+ years of exposure lost significantly more lung function annually (FEV1: 52.6 ml, FVC: 60.8 ml) than those with <5 years (FEV1: 9.2 ml, FVC: 21.1 ml).
  • Height, years in the industry, smoking status, and geographic region predicted FEV1.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational exposure in the grain industry is associated with significant annual lung function decline.
  • Smoking cessation and minimizing long-term industry exposure are critical for preserving lung health in grain elevator workers.