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Leucocyte function in paraproteinaemia

J B Ziegler, P J Hansen, R Penny

    Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine
    |February 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Multiple myeloma is linked to abnormal inflammatory responses, while macroglobulinemia involves intrinsic cellular immunity defects. Myeloma

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Cellular immunity plays a crucial role in immune system function.
    • Myeloma and macroglobulinemia are distinct B-cell malignancies with varying immune implications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare cellular immunity in patients with myeloma and macroglobulinemia.
    • To assess lymphocyte response to PHA, delayed hypersensitivity, and skin window responses in these patient groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluated lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
    • Assessed delayed hypersensitivity.
    • Analyzed skin window responses in 23 myeloma and 14 macroglobulinemia patients.

    Main Results:

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  • Myeloma patients showed a higher incidence of abnormal skin window responses (75%) compared to macroglobulinemia patients (22%).
  • Macroglobulinemia patients exhibited a greater prevalence of anergy (57%) and abnormal PHA response (29%) than myeloma patients.
  • In myeloma, abnormal PHA response was linked to a serum inhibitor, and anergy correlated with abnormal skin windows.

    • Conclusions:

    • Myeloma is primarily associated with abnormal inflammatory (skin window) responses.
    • Macroglobulinemia is characterized by intrinsic cellular immunity abnormalities.
    • In myeloma, impaired cellular immunity (anergy, abnormal PHA response) is likely due to paraprotein effects, not intrinsic lymphocyte defects.