Compartment syndrome of the lower extremity

Compartment syndrome is a devastating consequence of extremity trauma that is preventable with early recognition and treatment. A high index of suspicion and careful clinical evaluation will detect most impending or established compartment syndromes. Compartmental pressure measurements can be a useful adjunctive evaluation. Once the diagnosis of compartment syndrome is confirmed, or highly suspect, fasciotomy should be performed without delay. The functional and cosmetic results of fasciotomy are always acceptable if done early. The results of inadequate treatment of compartment syndrome are never satisfactory.