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Updated: Aug 19, 2026
Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Venoatrial pathways after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries: anatomic and functional MR
C Sampson1, P J Kilner, R Hirsch
1Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Hospitals, London, England.
Purpose:
To evaluate spin-echo (SE) and cine gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with velocity mapping for detecting late complications of the Mustard operation.
Materials And Methods:
Twenty-one patients were studied with MR imaging 1-22 years after undergoing the Mustard operation. Twenty were also studied with transthoracic echocardiography, 18 with angiocardiography, and five with transesophageal echocardiography.
Results:
MR imaging showed no venoatrial obstruction in nine patients. This result was confirmed with angiocardiography in seven cases and postmortem examination in one case. In one case, MR imaging demonstrated a leak at the baffle suture line. Of 12 cases with venoatrial obstruction at MR imaging, nine were confirmed with angiocardiography or surgery. There were two false-positive MR studies and one case in which no conclusion was reached.
Conclusion:
With addition of cine GRE sequences and velocity mapping to SE sequences, MR imaging is a useful noninvasive method of investigating late complications of the Mustard operation.
