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Hereditary ovarian carcinoma

H H Gallion1, S A Smith

  • 1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington.

Seminars in Surgical Oncology
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Genetic predisposition is a significant risk factor for ovarian cancer. Women with a family history should receive genetic counseling and surveillance for early detection.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cancer Genetics
  • Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the U.S.
  • While etiology is unknown, risk factors include age, nulliparity, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition.
  • Hereditary syndromes like breast-ovarian cancer syndrome significantly increase ovarian cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of genetic predisposition in ovarian cancer risk.
  • To identify known hereditary syndromes associated with ovarian cancer.
  • To recommend management strategies for high-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established risk factors for ovarian cancer.
  • Identification and description of hereditary cancer syndromes linked to ovarian cancer.

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  • Discussion of genetic linkage to BRCA1 on chromosome 17q for specific syndromes.
  • Main Results:

    • Genetic predisposition is a recognized strong risk factor for ovarian cancer.
    • Three hereditary syndromes are identified: breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, and site-specific ovarian cancer.
    • Breast-ovarian and site-specific ovarian cancer syndromes are linked to the BRCA1 gene on chromosome 17q.

    Conclusions:

    • No simple genetic test currently identifies all women at high risk for ovarian cancer.
    • Genetic counseling, education, and surveillance are crucial for women with a family history of ovarian cancer.
    • Prophylactic oophorectomy may be considered for selected high-risk individuals.