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Lymphocyte transformation test in adult patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

Y H al-Azzawi1, N G al-Tawil, I A al-Shamaa

  • 1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|September 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Cellular immune response is impaired in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) patients, indicated by lower lymphocyte transformation test results. This defect involves both lymphocytes and serum factors during active disease, normalizing in remission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome (MCNS) is a significant cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of MCNS, particularly the role of cellular immunity, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cellular immune response in adult patients with MCNS.
  • To compare immune function in MCNS patients with healthy controls and other nephropathy patient groups.
  • To investigate the potential roles of lymphocyte intrinsic defects and serum factors in MCNS pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was employed to assess cellular immunity.
  • Patients with MCNS (n=31) were compared to normal controls (n=30) and other kidney disease patients (CRF, FSGN, MGN; n=49).
  • Cross-incubation studies involved lymphocytes and sera from MCNS patients and normal individuals.

Main Results:

  • Lymphocytes from MCNS patients exhibited significantly lower stimulation indices compared to normal controls and most patient controls (except CRF).
  • Incubating normal lymphocytes with MCNS relapse serum, or MCNS lymphocytes with normal serum, both resulted in depressed lymphocyte function.
  • Cellular immune response normalized during clinical remission of MCNS.

Conclusions:

  • MCNS is associated with a depressed cellular immune response during active disease.
  • Both intrinsic lymphocyte defects and serum inhibitory factors contribute to immune dysfunction in active MCNS.
  • Immune function recovers to normal levels upon remission of MCNS, suggesting a dynamic process.

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