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Evolutionarily conserved function of CD28 in alpha beta T cell activation

T P Arstila1, O Vainio, O Lassila

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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The chicken CD28 molecule costimulates T cells, similar to its mammalian counterpart. This finding highlights the conserved importance of CD28 costimulation in adaptive immunity across species.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Comparative immunology

Background:

  • CD28 is a critical costimulatory receptor on T cells, essential for full immune activation.
  • Understanding CD28 function in non-mammalian vertebrates provides insights into its evolutionary conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of the chicken homologue of CD28.
  • To determine the expression pattern of chicken CD28 on T cell populations.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathway utilized by chicken CD28.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to analyze CD28 expression on thymocytes and peripheral T cells.
  • In vitro T cell stimulation assays using various mitogens and antibodies.
  • Assessment of signaling pathway involvement using pharmacological inhibitors like cyclosporin A and herbimycin A.

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Main Results:

  • Chicken CD28 is expressed on thymocytes and peripheral alpha beta T cells, but not gamma delta T cells.
  • Anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody demonstrated a costimulatory effect on T cells stimulated with PMA, ConA, or anti-TCR.
  • Costimulation via CD28 was resistant to cyclosporin A but sensitive to herbimycin A, indicating a distinct signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The functional costimulatory role of CD28 is conserved between chickens and mammals.
  • Chicken CD28 utilizes a signaling pathway partially independent of TCR/CD3.
  • These findings underscore the evolutionary significance of the CD28-mediated costimulatory pathway in T cell responses.