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Related Experiment Videos

Viral induction of low frequency interferon-alpha producing cells

S B Feldman1, M Ferraro, H M Zheng

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103.

Virology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Most human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production comes from low-frequency, non-monocytic cells, not monocytes, across various viral stimuli. This finding challenges previous assumptions about IFN-alpha-producing cells (IPC).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production is crucial for antiviral responses.
  • IFN-alpha-producing cells (IPC) were previously identified as monocytes or a distinct light density, HLA-DR+ population.
  • The frequency of IPC varies significantly depending on the viral stimulus (e.g., Sendai virus vs. Herpes simplex virus [HSV]).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the frequency and nature of IPC responding to a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses.
  • To investigate the role of chloroquine sensitivity in distinguishing IPC populations.
  • To determine the primary cell type responsible for IFN-alpha production against diverse viral challenges.

Main Methods:

  • ELISpot assays were employed to quantify IPC frequencies against various viruses (HSV, Sendai, vesicular stomatitis virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, SV40, influenza, measles, mumps, Newcastle disease virus [NDV], and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]).

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  • Enveloped and non-enveloped viruses were tested for their ability to elicit IFN-alpha responses.
  • Sensitivity of IPC to chloroquine treatment was assessed to differentiate cell populations.

    • Main Results:

    • Enveloped viruses, but not non-enveloped viruses (adenovirus, SV40), induced IFN-alpha production.
    • The frequency of IPC for most tested viruses was comparable to the low-frequency HSV-responding population, not the high-frequency Sendai virus response.
    • Chloroquine treatment abrogated most IFN-alpha production, except for Sendai virus, indicating distinct cellular mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • The majority of IFN-alpha production in response to diverse viral stimuli originates from low-frequency, non-monocytic IPC.
    • This contrasts with the traditional view of monocytes as the primary IFN-alpha producers for certain viruses.
    • The findings highlight the heterogeneity of IPC and their distinct responses to different viral types and treatments.