Cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage during acute and chronic hypoxia

Previous work from our laboratory had demonstrated attenuation of systemic vasoreactivity to pressor agents in rats after acute or chronic exposure to hypoxia. Therefore we hypothesized that hemorrhage of acutely hypoxic (12% O2) or chronically hypoxic (barometric pressure 380 mmHg for 3 wk) rats would deter the normal increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and thus decrease the ability to maintain blood pressure. Progressive hemorrhage (2% of blood volume per min) was performed under conditions of either normoxia or acute hypoxia in conscious rats. In control animals, the increase in TPR observed during normoxic hemorrhage was absent when hemorrhage was performed in acute hypoxia. Furthermore, the amount of blood removal required to achieve hypotension was reduced under conditions of acute hypoxia. In contrast, chronically hypoxic rats exhibited no difference in the threshold for hypotension between conditions of acute normoxia and hypoxia and demonstrated an increased hypotensive threshold under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions compared with control animals. We next hypothesized that the prolonged threshold for hypotension observed in chronically hypoxic rats might be due to hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. Such ventricular hypertrophy may minimize stimulation of ventricular volume receptors thought to elicit the reflex fall in heart rate and TPR occurring in extreme underfill conditions. Therefore we compared the cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage in rats with right ventricular hypertrophy resulting from administration of monocrotaline with those from rats treated with vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)