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[Transfusion-associated HIV contamination between January 1980 and September 1985]

M Mesz1, J M Desbordes, C Lartigue

  • 1Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU La Milétrie, Poitiers.

Annales Francaises D'Anesthesie Et De Reanimation
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This retrospective study investigated transfusion-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contamination risk in neurosurgery patients between 1980-1985. Despite low regional risk, one HIV-positive case was identified among 151 tested patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Assesses transfusion-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contamination risk in neurosurgery patients.
  • Examines the period between 1980 and 1985 when HIV screening for blood donors was not standard practice.
  • Highlights the low perceived risk of HIV contamination in the specific French region studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of transfusion-related HIV contamination in neurosurgery patients during a specific 5-year period.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a retrospective survey to trace transfusion recipients for HIV status.
  • To assess the public health implications of blood transfusion safety prior to widespread HIV testing.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 621 neurosurgery patient records (1980-1985) to identify blood component administration.

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  • Contacting patients or their physicians via mail, phone, or family to request HIV testing.
  • Follow-up procedures including recall letters and direct patient/family contact for those without a regular physician.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 380 patient files examined, 334 patients (53.5%) had died by the survey's end.
    • Only 151 patients (24.3% of total) were located and tested for HIV.
    • One HIV-positive patient was identified, who had a known hemophilia B diagnosis and pre-existing HIV infection.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identified a low but present risk of transfusion-related HIV contamination in the studied neurosurgery cohort.
    • A significant proportion of patients (47% of those alive) were untraceable, limiting the comprehensive assessment of HIV risk.
    • The findings underscore the critical importance of rigorous blood donor screening for infectious diseases like HIV.