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Eastern equine encephalitis virus in Ohio during 1991

R S Nasci1, R L Berry, R A Restifo

  • 1Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522.

Journal of Medical Entomology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

The first eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus epizootic in Ohio horses occurred in 1991. Mosquito surveillance identified Coquillettidia perturbans as the likely vector, with EEE virus isolated from this species.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Arbovirology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology

Background:

  • An epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus occurred in horses in Ohio in 1991.
  • This event marked the first recorded EEE virus epizootic in the state.
  • The outbreak was geographically centered around the Killbuck Wildlife Area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify mosquito species involved in EEE virus transmission during the 1991 Ohio epizootic.
  • To determine the primary vector responsible for the EEE virus outbreak in horses.
  • To investigate potential reservoirs of EEE virus in the affected wildlife area.

Main Methods:

  • Mosquitoes were collected from upland and swamp habitats before and after the epizootic.
  • Over 22,000 mosquito specimens were tested for the presence of EEE virus.

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  • Virus isolation and seroconversion were used to confirm EEE virus in horses.
  • IgM antibody detection was performed on bird sera collected from the swamp.

    • Main Results:

    • EEE virus was isolated from Coquillettidia perturbans, identified as the most likely epizootic vector.
    • The minimum infection rate of EEE virus in C. perturbans was 0.1/1,000.
    • High populations of Aedes vexans and Culex salinarius were present but peaked after the epizootic, suggesting they were not primary vectors.
    • EEE virus IgM antibodies were detected in three bird species within the swamp habitat.

    Conclusions:

    • Coquillettidia perturbans was the primary mosquito vector responsible for the 1991 EEE virus epizootic in Ohio horses.
    • The findings highlight the importance of C. perturbans in EEE virus transmission cycles in Ohio.
    • Bird species in the Killbuck Wildlife Area may serve as reservoirs for EEE virus.