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Chaotic population dynamics can result from natural selection

R Ferrière1, M Gatto

  • 1Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|January 22, 1993
PubMed
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Evolutionary forces may not prevent chaotic population dynamics. Contrary to expectations, individual selection can drive species with late maturity and many age classes toward chaotic or oscillatory population dynamics, suggesting chaos may be more common in nature.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Decades of research have explored whether animal populations exhibit chaotic dynamics, but direct evidence remains limited.
  • A prevailing hypothesis suggests evolutionary forces actively prevent populations from experiencing chaos and oscillations.
  • This study investigates the role of evolutionary pressures on population dynamics, particularly concerning life history traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that evolutionary forces preserve populations from chaotic dynamics.
  • To determine if selection on life history traits can lead to chaotic population dynamics.
  • To explore the conditions under which chaotic dynamics might be evolutionarily optimal.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a general demographic model incorporating evolutionarily stable life histories.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed population dynamics resulting from individual selection on traits like age of maturity, adult survivorship, and recruitment.
  • Investigated the impact of trade-offs between recruitment, adult survival, and age of maturity.

    • Main Results:

    • Contrary to the hypothesis, individual selection on demographic traits often results in oscillatory or chaotic dynamics.
    • Chaotic dynamics are more probable in species with late ages of maturity and numerous age classes.
    • The optimality of chaos is enhanced by trade-offs where recruitment decreases with increased adult survival or earlier maturity.

    Conclusions:

    • Evolutionary pressures, specifically individual selection, can promote chaotic population dynamics, challenging previous assumptions.
    • Chaotic population dynamics may be more prevalent in natural systems than currently evidenced by data analyses.
    • Chaos could represent an optimal dynamic regime for certain biological systems, offering adaptive advantages.