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Caries prevalence in xerostomic individuals

A S Papas1, A Joshi, S L MacDonald

  • 1Oral Medicine Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 2111-1513.

Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with xerostomia (dry mouth) experience significantly higher rates of both coronal and root caries compared to those without dry mouth. Reduced salivary flow directly correlates with increased caries risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Dental Research
  • Salivary Gland Biology

Background:

  • Saliva is crucial for oral health, providing lubrication, cleansing, and antibacterial actions.
  • Xerostomia (dry mouth) is prevalent in older adults, often linked to medications or conditions like Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Reduced salivary function compromises the natural protective mechanisms of the mouth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between xerostomia and caries experience in older adults.
  • To compare caries prevalence in a xerostomic group versus a matched medication-free control group.
  • To explore the relationship between salivary flow rates and caries incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A xerostomic subgroup (n=60) from the Nutrition and Oral Health Study was re-examined for caries.

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  • Salivary flow rates (unstimulated and stimulated) were measured.
  • The xerostomic group was matched with a medication-free subgroup (n=60) for key demographic and lifestyle factors.

    • Main Results:

    • The xerostomic subgroup exhibited significantly higher coronal and root caries experience (mean DFS 45.4 and 5.3, respectively) compared to the medication-free group (mean DFS 36.5 and 3.2).
    • Odds ratios indicated a 2.89-fold increased risk for coronal caries and 3.27-fold for root caries in the xerostomic group.
    • Caries experience showed a significant inverse correlation with salivary flow rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Xerostomia is a significant risk factor for increased dental caries, affecting both coronal and root surfaces.
    • Reduced salivary flow rate is directly associated with a higher prevalence of dental caries.
    • Clinical management of xerostomia is critical for preventing severe caries in affected individuals.