Genetic maps

The same genetic principles are common to all animals, plants and microorganisms. One consequence of the generality of genetic principles is that methods developed in one organism can often be used in other species. Recent advances in mammalian molecular genetics, genome analysis, and gene mapping have been found to be directly applicable to other animals and even plants. This is facilitating the rapid construction of detailed genetic maps in a wide variety of species. Similar advances are being made in the development of manipulation techniques, which allow the genomic deletion and addition of specific genes as well as more subtle alterations. Armed with detailed maps and precise manipulation techniques it is possible to associate genes with phenotypes, test the function of genes and to unravel complex traits that depend on the interaction of different genes.