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The inheritance of germline-specific epigenetic modifications during development

M A Surani1, H Sasaki, A C Ferguson-Smith

  • 1Wellcome/CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, U.K.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|February 27, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian genomes utilize epigenetic modifications for gene expression control. Parental imprints, particularly DNA methylation, are heritable and crucial for development, with paternal imprints showing greater stability in embryonic stem cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomic Imprinting

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes undergo epigenetic programming in the germline, influencing gene expression.
  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification with significant variations in germ cells and early development.
  • Heritable, germline-specific methylation imprints can occur at transgene loci and are passed to somatic tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and roles of genomic imprinting and imprinted genes in mammalian development.
  • To analyze the inheritance patterns and stability of parental epigenetic marks.
  • To explore the relationship between parental imprints, epigenetic inheritance, and cellular totipotency.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and mapping of endogenous imprinted genes.

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  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in germline and early development.
  • Investigation of epigenetic inheritance using embryonic stem cells (androgenetic and parthenogenetic).

    • Main Results:

    • Four endogenous genes with parent-of-origin-dependent expression have been identified.
    • Three of these genes are located on mouse chromosome 7, which shares syntenic homology with human chromosomal regions linked to imprinting disorders.
    • Embryonic stem cells retain primary parental imprints, with paternal imprints in androgenetic cells appearing more stable than maternal imprints in parthenogenetic cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Genomic imprinting is a fundamental epigenetic process in mammals, essential for normal development.
    • Imprinted genes and their epigenetic regulation are implicated in human developmental disorders.
    • Parental epigenetic marks are heritable and influence cellular totipotency, with differential stability observed between paternal and maternal imprints.