Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

60.8K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
60.8K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

4.0K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
4.0K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.9K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.9K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

2.5K
Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
2.5K
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

5.1K
The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
5.1K
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

10.2K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mice lacking the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) show tissue-specific impairment of MHC class II expression.

Immunity·1996
Same author

Determination of the appropriate fraction number and size of the HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Gynecologic oncology·1996
Same author

Galanin inhibits cholecystokinin secretion in STC-1 cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·1995
Same author

Angiotensin IV receptors and signaling in opossum kidney cells.

The American journal of physiology·1995
Same author

Complete intrauterine resolution of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung type III.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·1995
Same author

CIITA activates the expression of MHC class II genes in mouse T cells.

International immunology·1995

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
08:41

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

10.5K

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors

P J Lin1, P J Pearson, C H Chang

  • 1Dept. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) like nitric oxide regulate vascular tone. This review details EDRF discovery, synthesis, and smooth muscle interactions, highlighting their crucial role in blood vessel relaxation.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Endothelial Function

Background:

  • The endothelium regulates vascular tone through dilator and constrictor substances.
  • Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) and endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs) play key roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).
  • It covers EDRF discovery, characteristics, synthesis, and interaction with vascular smooth muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of EDRF research.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways involved in EDRF synthesis and action.

Main Results:

  • Nitric oxide is the major EDRF, synthesized from L-arginine.
  • Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic-GMP in smooth muscle.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses
07:56

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses

Published on: June 8, 2022

5.1K
Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography
09:47

Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography

Published on: August 12, 2022

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
08:41

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

10.5K
Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses
07:56

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses

Published on: June 8, 2022

5.1K
Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography
09:47

Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography

Published on: August 12, 2022

4.4K
  • Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) also mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation.

    • Conclusions:

    • EDRFs, particularly nitric oxide, are critical for maintaining vascular tone.
    • Understanding EDRF mechanisms is essential for cardiovascular health.